Ana amfani da yumbu don faranti mai hana harsashi

③Mafi yawan amfani da yumbu mai hana harsashi

Tun daga karni na 21, yumbura mai hana harsashi ya bunkasa cikin sauri, kuma akwai nau'o'in iri da yawa, wadanda suka hada da alumina, silicon carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, titanium boride, da dai sauransu, daga cikinsu akwai yumbu alumina (Al₂O₃), silicon carbide ceramics (SiC). boron carbide ceramics (B4C) sune aka fi amfani dasu.

Alumina yumbura suna da mafi girman ƙima, amma taurin yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi, ƙarancin sarrafawa yana da ƙasa, farashin yana da ƙasa, gwargwadon tsafta ya kasu kashi 85/90/95/99 alumina yumbu, daidaitaccen taurin da farashin kuma yana ƙaruwa. bi da bi.

Kwatanta kaddarorin yumbu masu hana harsashi daban-daban

Yawan yumbu na Silicon carbide yana da ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarfi, tauri mai ƙarfi, ƙirar ƙirar tsari ce mai tsada, don haka ita ce tukwane mai hana harsashi da aka fi amfani da shi a China.

Boron carbide ceramics suna da mafi ƙarancin ƙima da tauri mafi girma a tsakanin waɗannan yumbu, amma a lokaci guda, bukatunsu don sarrafa fasahar suna da girma sosai, suna buƙatar zafin jiki mai ƙarfi da matsa lamba, don haka farashi kuma shine mafi girma a cikin waɗannan yumbun guda uku.

Idan aka kwatanta da waɗannan samfuran yumbu masu hana harsashi guda uku na yau da kullun, kayan yumbu na alumina suna da farashi mafi ƙasƙanci, amma aikin harsashi bai kai silicon carbide da boron carbide ba, don haka rukunin masana'antun gida na yanzu na yumbu mai hana harsashi a cikin silicon carbide da boron carbide harsashi, yayin da alumina yumbura ba kasafai bane.Koyaya, ana iya amfani da alumina kristal guda ɗaya don shirya yumbu masu haske, waɗanda ake amfani da su azaman kayan gaskiya tare da ayyukan haske, kuma ana amfani da su a cikin kayan aikin soja kamar mashin kariya na soja guda ɗaya, Windows gano makami mai linzami, Windows lura da abin hawa, da periscopes na jirgin ruwa.

④ Biyu daga cikin shahararrun kayan yumbura masu hana harsashi

Silicon carbide yumbu mai hana harsashi

Silicon carbide covalent bond yana da ƙarfi sosai kuma har yanzu yana da haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi a babban zafin jiki.Wannan fasalin fasalin yana ba da yumbu na silicon carbide kyakkyawan ƙarfi, babban taurin, juriya, juriya na lalata, haɓakar zafin jiki mai ƙarfi, juriya mai ƙarfi na thermal da sauran kaddarorin.A lokaci guda, farashin yumbu na silicon carbide yana da matsakaici, mai tsada, yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun kayan aikin kariya na sulke.

Silicon carbide yumbura suna da faffadan sararin ci gaba a fagen kariyar sulke, kuma aikace-aikacensu a fagen na'urori na ɗaiɗaikun kayan aiki da motoci na musamman suna daɗa bambanta.Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi azaman kayan sulke na kariya, la'akari da farashi da lokuttan aikace-aikacen musamman da sauran dalilai, yawanci ƙaramin tsari ne na bangarori na yumbu da na'ura mai haɗaɗɗiya ta baya da aka haɗa cikin farantin ƙirar yumbu, don shawo kan gazawar yumbu saboda damuwa mai ƙarfi, kuma don tabbatar da cewa shigar majigi ya farfasa yanki ɗaya kawai ba tare da lalata dukkan sulke ba.

Boron carbide yumbu mai hana harsashi

Boron carbide shine taurin kayan da aka sani bayan lu'u-lu'u da nau'in boron nitride superhard abu, taurin har zuwa 3000kg/mm²;Matsakaicin ƙananan ƙananan, kawai 2.52g/cm³, wanda shine 1/3 na karfe;High na roba modulus, 450GPa;High narkewa batu, game da 2447 ℃;Matsakaicin haɓakar haɓakar thermal yana da ƙasa kuma ƙimar zafin zafi yana da girma.Bugu da ƙari, boron carbide yana da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau na sinadarai, acid da alkali juriya na lalata, a dakin da zafin jiki ba ya amsawa tare da acid da tushe da mafi yawan abubuwan da ke cikin kwayoyin halitta, kawai a cikin hydrofluoric acid-sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid-nitric acid gauraye ruwa yana da jinkirin lalata. ;Kuma mafi yawan narkakkun karafa ba sa danshi, kar a yi aiki.Boron carbide kuma yana da kyakkyawan ikon ɗaukar neutrons, wanda babu shi a cikin sauran kayan yumbu.B4C yana da mafi ƙarancin ƙarancin yumbun sulke da yawa da aka saba amfani da su, haɗe tare da babban yanayin elasticity, yana mai da shi kyakkyawan zaɓi don kayan a cikin kayan soja da filayen sararin samaniya.Babban matsalar B4C shine yana da tsada (kimanin sau 10 na alumina) da kuma gaggautsa, wanda ke iyakance faɗuwar aikace-aikacen sa azaman sulke mai kariya lokaci-lokaci.

⑤ Hanyar shiri na yumbu mai hana harsashi.

Haɓaka yumburan harsashi

Kodayake yuwuwar hana harsashi na silicon carbide da boron carbide yana da girma sosai, ba za a iya yin watsi da matsalar taurin karyewa da rashin karɓuwa na yumbu-lokaci ɗaya ba.Ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha na zamani ya gabatar da buƙatu don aiki da tattalin arziƙin tukwane masu hana harsashi: ayyuka da yawa, babban aiki, nauyi mai sauƙi, ƙarancin farashi da aminci.Sabili da haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masana da masana suna fatan cimma ƙarfin ƙarfafa, nauyi da tattalin arziki na yumbu ta hanyar gyare-gyaren ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa, ciki har da tsarin yumbu mai nau'i-nau'i da yawa, kayan aiki na gradient, zane-zane mai launi, da dai sauransu, kuma irin wannan sulke yana da haske a ciki. nauyi idan aka kwatanta da na yau sulke, kuma mafi inganta mobile yi na fama raka'a.

Kayan yumbu masu daraja da aiki suna nuna canje-canje na yau da kullun a cikin kaddarorin kayan ta hanyar ƙirar microcosmic.Alal misali, titanium boride da titanium karfe da aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride da karfe aluminum da sauran karfe / yumbu hada tsarin tsarin, yi na gradient canji tare da kauri matsayi, wato, da shirye-shiryen na high taurin. canzawa zuwa babban tauri mai hana harsashi.

Nanometer multiphase ceramics sun ƙunshi submicron ko nanometer tarwatsa barbashi da aka ƙara zuwa yumburan matrix.Irin su SiC-Si3N4-Al2O3, B4C-SiC, da dai sauransu, taurin, tauri da ƙarfin yumbu suna da wani ci gaba.An bayar da rahoton cewa, kasashen yammacin duniya suna nazarin yadda ake hada foda mai sikelin Nano don shirya yumbu mai girman nau'in nau'in nau'in nanometer don samun karfin kayan aiki da kauri, kuma yumbun da ba ya iya harba harsashi ana sa ran samun babban ci gaba a wannan fanni.

Takaita

Ko yumbu na lokaci-lokaci ko tukwane masu yawa, mafi kyawun kayan yumburan harsashi ko wanda ba za a iya rabuwa da siliki carbide ba, boron carbide waɗannan kayan biyu.Musamman ga kayan da ake amfani da su na boron carbide, tare da haɓaka fasahar sintering, kyawawan kaddarorin na yumbu na boron carbide suna ƙara yin fice, kuma za a ƙara haɓaka aikace-aikacen su a fagen hana harsashi.